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Korean has 19 consonant phonemes. [1]For each plosive and affricate, there is a three-way contrast between unvoiced segments, which are distinguished as plain, tense, and aspirated.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects.
The Korean alphabet is the modern writing system for the Korean language. In North Korea, the alphabet is known as Chosŏn'gŭl [a] (North Korean: 조선글), and in South Korea, it is known as Hangul [b] (South Korean: 한글 [c]). [3] [4] [5] The letters for the five basic consonants reflect the shape of the speech organs used to pronounce them.
Hyangchal (Korean: 향찰; Hanja: 鄕札; lit. 'vernacular letters', 'local letters', or 'corresponded sound') is an archaic writing system of Korea and was used to transcribe the Korean language in Chinese characters. Using the hyangchal system, Chinese characters were given a Korean reading based on the syllable associated with the character. [1]
all other jamos (shown in the tables below without the highlighting background) are obsolete; they are not used in modern Korean (some Korean input methods or keyboard layout may not allow entering them). "Hanyang Private Use" is a character code system that was used in Hangul word processor version Wordian to 2007. This system maps old Hangul ...
The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).
Initial sound rule (Korean: 두음법칙; Hanja: 頭音法則; RR: dueum beopchik) is series of changes to Hangul, the writing system for the Korean language, made in South Korea to better reflect modern Korean phonology. The changes affect syllable-initial ㄹ r and ㄴ n sounds in Sino-Korean vocabulary under certain conditions.
The writing system is referred to as Hangul today but was originally named as Hunminjeongeum by King Sejong. "Hunmin" and "Jeongeum" are respective words that each indicate "to teach the people" and "proper sounds." [5] Together Hunminjeongeum means "correct sounds for the instruction of the people." [10]