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Arbutus are small trees or shrubs with red flaking bark and edible red berries. [6] Fruit development is delayed for about five months after pollination, so that flowers appear while the previous year's fruit are ripening. [6] Peak flowering for the genus is in April with peak fruiting in October. [7]
Sambucus racemosa is often a treelike shrub growing 2–6 m (7–20 ft) tall. The stems are soft with a pithy center.. Each individual leaf is composed of 5 to 7 leaflike leaflets, each of which is up to 16 cm (6 + 1 ⁄ 4 in) long, lance-shaped to narrowly oval, and irregularly serrated along the edges.
Juniperus pinchotii is an evergreen coniferous shrub or small tree growing to 1–6 metres (3 + 1 ⁄ 2 – 19 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet) tall, usually multistemmed, and with a dense, rounded crown. The bark is pale gray, exfoliating in thin longitudinal strips, exposing orange brown underneath. The ultimate shoots are 1.1–1.8 millimetres thick.
Many mammal and bird species feed off the berries, [14] including juncos, American robins, cedar waxwings, band-tailed pigeons, varied thrushes, quail, mule deer, raccoons, ring-tailed cats, and bears. As the fruit are produced in great quantity and may persist on the tree into winter, their value as a food source is great.
Arbutus unedo, commonly known as strawberry tree, also called madrone, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Western Europe. The tree is well known for its fruits, the arbutus berry, which bear some resemblance to the strawberry, hence the common name strawberry tree.
Arbutus arizonica, commonly known as Arizona madrone, is a tree species in the heath family that is native to the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico.Its range extends along the Sierra Madre Occidental cordillera from the Madrean Sky Islands of southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico [3] south as far as Jalisco.
The berry of S. callicarpa can be made into wine. [10] The flowers of S. nigra are used to produce elderflower cordial. St-Germain, a French liqueur, is made from elderflowers. Hallands Fläder, a Swedish akvavit, is flavoured with elderflowers. Hollowed elderberry twigs have traditionally been used as spiles to tap maple trees for syrup. [27]
The berries are widely sought after by birds in spring and early summer in North America; as many as 31 species of birds have been recorded visiting a fruiting tree in Arkansas. [13] The red mulberry is pollinated by the wind. [14] The current world record Red Mulberry tree is located in Hamburg, Ashley County, Arkansas.
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