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Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings (pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water-soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers. They are the most widely occurring nitrogen-containing heterocycles in nature. [1]
Among foods richest in purines yielding high amounts of uric acid are dried anchovies, shrimp, organ meat, dried mushrooms, seaweed, and beer yeast. [24] Chicken and potatoes also appear related. [25] Other triggers include physical trauma and surgery. [7] Studies in the early 2000s found that other dietary factors are not relevant.
Purines are biologically synthesized as nucleotides and in particular as ribotides, i.e. bases attached to ribose 5-phosphate. Both adenine and guanine are derived from the nucleotide inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is the first compound in the pathway to have a completely formed purine ring system.
Shrimp are also rich in phosphorus, B vitamins and contain high amounts of a carotenoid called astaxanthin. Research suggests astaxanthin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
The color scheme is as follows: enzymes, coenzymes, substrate names, metal ions, inorganic molecules. The purinosome is a putative multi-enzyme complex that carries out de novo purine biosynthesis within the cell. It is postulated to include all six of the human enzymes identified as direct participants in this ten-step biosynthetic pathway ...
The Purine Nucleotide Cycle is a metabolic pathway in protein metabolism requiring the amino acids aspartate and glutamate. The cycle is used to regulate the levels of adenine nucleotides, in which ammonia and fumarate are generated. [2] AMP converts into IMP and the byproduct ammonia. IMP converts to S-AMP (adenylosuccinate), which then ...
High levels of purines are known to increase uric acid production and may aggravate or lead to conditions such as gout. [ 14 ] Harvard researchers report that omega-3 fatty acids and uridine, two substances in foods such as fish, walnuts, molasses, and sugar beets, prevented depression in rats as effectively as antidepressant drugs.
The presence of mercury in fish is a health concern for people who eat them, especially for women who are or may become pregnant, nursing mothers, and young children. Fish and shellfish concentrate mercury in their bodies, often in the form of methylmercury, a highly toxic organomercury compound.
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