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Protofour or P4 is a set of standards for model railways allowing construction of models to a scale of 4 mm to 300 mm (1 ft) (1:76.2), the predominant scale of model railways of the British prototype. For historical reasons almost all manufacturers of British prototype models use 00 gauge (1:76.2 models running on 16.5 mm (0.65 in) gauge track).
Finescale standards or Fine Standards [1] are model railway standards that aim to be close to the prototype dimensions. Reduction in toylike, overscale flanges, pointwork, etc. In Britain it is particularly used because small British prototypes meant that track gauge is underscale. Modelling to finescale standards requires skill, so modellers ...
Modelling British railway prototypes is a hobby where railway modelling is applied to British prototypes. For historical reasons, British model scales have developed somewhat separately from those in other countries, and the commercial standards; 00 gauge and British N gauge are unique to British prototypes. The railways in Britain were for the ...
3' Gauge rail modelling is a specialisation in rail transport modelling. Specifically it relates to the modelling of narrow gauge prototypes of 3 ft ( 914 mm) gauge. This gauge was the most common narrow gauge in the United States and in Ireland. Apart from some other lines in North, Central and South America, 3 ft gauge was uncommon elsewhere.
Model railway scales and gauges are standardized in NEM 010, [1] which covers several gauges for each scale. Narrow gauges are indicated by an additional letter added after the base scale as follows: no letter = standard gauge (1,250–1,700 mm or 49.2–66.9 in) m = metre gauge (850–1,250 mm or 33.5–49.2 in)
Prism dioptres. Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]
Thus the scale and approximate prototype gauge are represented, with the model gauge used (9 mm for H0e gauge; 6.5 mm for H0f gauge) being implied. [ 2 ] The scales used include the general European modelling range of Z, N, TT, H0, 0 and also the large model engineering gauges of I to X, including 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 5, 7 + 1 ⁄ 4 and 10 + 1 ⁄ 4 ...
One of the smallest ( Z scale, 1:220) placed on the buffer beam of one of the largest ( Live steam, 1:8) model locomotives. Rail transport modelling uses a variety of scales (ratio between the real world and the model) to ensure scale models look correct when placed next to each other. Model railway scales are standardized worldwide by many ...