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2. Genetic testing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_testing

   Genetic testing is "the analysis of chromosomes ( DNA ), proteins, and certain metabolites in order to detect heritable disease-related genotypes, mutations, phenotypes, or karyotypes for clinical purposes." [ 11] It can provide information about a person 's genes and chromosomes throughout life.

3. Do-it-yourself biology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do-it-yourself_biology

   Preparation of a biohacking kit for a biology workshop in Popular Education in a café in Rennes in 2020. Do-it-yourself biology (DIY biology, DIY bio) is a biotechnological social movement in which individuals, communities, and small organizations study biology and life science using the same methods as traditional research institutions.

4. Genetic engineering - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering

   Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology. It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved or novel organisms.

5. Biotechnology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotechnology

   Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms and parts thereof for products and services. [ 1] The term biotechnology was first used by Károly Ereky in 1919 [ 2] to refer to the production of products from raw materials ...

6. CRISPR gene editing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRISPR_gene_editing

   CRISPR gene editing. CRISPR-Cas9. CRISPR gene editing (CRISPR, pronounced / ˈkrɪspər / "crisper", refers to " c lustered r egularly i nterspaced s hort p alindromic r epeats") is a genetic engineering technique in molecular biology by which the genomes of living organisms may be modified. It is based on a simplified version of the bacterial ...

7. Genetically modified bacteria - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically_modified_bacteria

   Genetically modified bacteria. Genetically modified bacteria were the first organisms to be modified in the laboratory, due to their simple genetics. [ 1 ] These organisms are now used for several purposes, and are particularly important in producing large amounts of pure human proteins for use in medicine. [ 2 ]