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Non-material culture. Culture consists of both material culture and non-material culture. Thoughts or ideas that make up a culture are called the non-material culture. [ 1] In contrast to material culture, non-material culture does not include any physical objects or artifacts. Examples of non-material culture include any ideals, ideas, beliefs ...
The difference between material culture and non-material culture is known as cultural lag. The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and the resulting social problems that are caused by this lag. In other words, cultural lag occurs whenever there is an unequal rate of change ...
Cultural ecology as developed by Steward is a major subdiscipline of anthropology. It derives from the work of Franz Boas and has branched out to cover a number of aspects of human society, in particular the distribution of wealth and power in a society, and how that affects such behaviour as hoarding or gifting (e.g. the tradition of the potlatch on the Northwest North American coast).
E. O. Wilson defined sociobiology as "the extension of population biology and evolutionary theory to social organization". [ 6] Sociobiology is based on the premise that some behaviors (social and individual) are at least partly inherited and can be affected by natural selection. [ 7] It begins with the idea that behaviors have evolved over ...
Cultural universal. A cultural universal (also called an anthropological universal or human universal) is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all known human cultures worldwide. Taken together, the whole body of cultural universals is known as the human condition. Evolutionary psychologists hold that behaviors or traits ...
Cultural bias. Cultural bias is the interpretation and judgment of phenomena by the standards of one's own culture. It is sometimes considered a problem central to social and human sciences, such as economics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology. Some practitioners of these fields have attempted to develop methods and theories to compensate ...
Cultural trait. A cultural trait is a single identifiable material or non-material element within a culture, and is conceivable as an object in itself. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Similar traits can be grouped together as components, or subsystems of culture; [ 4] the terms sociofact and mentifact (or psychofact) [ 5] were coined by biologist Julian Huxley as ...
Sociocultural anthropology. Sociocultural anthropology is a term used to refer to social anthropology and cultural anthropology together. It is one of the four main branches of anthropology. Sociocultural anthropologists focus on the study of society and culture, while often interested in cultural diversity and universalism. [ 1]