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  2. Chip Authentication Program - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip_Authentication_Program

    The real world process is of course somewhat more complex as the card can return the ARQC in one of two formats (either the simple Response Message Template Format type 1 (id. 80 16) or the more complex Response Message Template Format 2 (id. 77 16) which splits the ARQC data into separate TLV values that need to be reassembled sequentially to ...

  3. Annual percentage rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_percentage_rate

    The term annual percentage rate of charge (APR), [1] [2] corresponding sometimes to a nominal APR and sometimes to an effective APR (EAPR), [3] is the interest rate for a whole year (annualized), rather than just a monthly fee/rate, as applied on a loan, mortgage loan, credit card, [4] etc.

  4. Examples of Markov chains - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Examples_of_Markov_chains

    A state diagram for a simple example is shown in the figure on the right, using a directed graph to picture the state transitions. The states represent whether a hypothetical stock market is exhibiting a bull market, bear market, or stagnant market trend during a given week. According to the figure, a bull week is followed by another bull week ...

  5. Rate of return - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_return

    For example, if an investor puts $1,000 in a 1-year certificate of deposit (CD) that pays an annual interest rate of 4%, paid quarterly, the CD would earn 1% interest per quarter on the account balance. The account uses compound interest, meaning the account balance is cumulative, including interest previously reinvested and credited to the ...

  6. Simple harmonic motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple_harmonic_motion

    In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion (sometimes abbreviated SHM) is a special type of periodic motion an object experiences by means of a restoring force whose magnitude is directly proportional to the distance of the object from an equilibrium position and acts towards the equilibrium position.

  7. Actuarial notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuarial_notation

    Actuarial notation is a shorthand method to allow actuaries to record mathematical formulas that deal with interest rates and life tables.. Traditional notation uses a halo system, where symbols are placed as superscript or subscript before or after the main letter.

  8. Jaccard index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaccard_index

    Jaccard distance is commonly used to calculate an n × n matrix for clustering and multidimensional scaling of n sample sets. This distance is a metric on the collection of all finite sets. [8] [9] [10] There is also a version of the Jaccard distance for measures, including probability measures.

  9. OLAP cube - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OLAP_cube

    A cube can be considered a multi-dimensional generalization of a two- or three-dimensional spreadsheet. For example, a company might wish to summarize financial data by product, by time-period, and by city to compare actual and budget expenses. Product, time, city and scenario (actual and budget) are the data's dimensions. [3]