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Respiratory droplets are produced naturally as a result of breathing, speaking, sneezing, coughing, or vomiting, so they are always present in our breath, but speaking and coughing increase their number. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Droplet sizes range from < 1 μm to 1000 μm, [ 1][ 2] and in typical breath there are around 100 droplets per litre of breath.
The Surviving Sepsis Campaign has recommended 30 mL/kg of fluid to be given in adults in the first three hours followed by fluid titration according to blood pressure, urine output, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation with a target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 65 mmHg. [5] In children an initial amount of 20 mL/kg is reasonable in shock ...
A blood-borne disease is a disease that can be spread through contamination by blood and other body fluids. Blood can contain pathogens of various types, chief among which are microorganisms, like bacteria and parasites, and non-living infectious agents such as viruses. Three blood-borne pathogens in particular, all viruses, are cited as of ...
In medicine, public health, and biology, transmission is the passing of a pathogen causing communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a particular individual or group, regardless of whether the other individual was previously infected. [ 1 ] The term strictly refers to the transmission of microorganisms directly from one ...
Chickenpox is an airborne disease which easily spreads via human-to-human transmission, typically through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person. [5] The incubation period is 10–21 days, after which the characteristic rash appears. [2] It may be spread from one to two days before the rash appears until all lesions have crusted over. [5]
Influenza, commonly known as " the flu " or just " flu ", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. Symptoms range from mild to severe and often include fever, runny nose, sore throat, muscle pain, headache, coughing, and fatigue. These symptoms begin one to four (typically two) days after exposure to the virus and last for about ...
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease caused by dengue virus, prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas. It is frequently asymptomatic; if symptoms appear they typically begin 3 to 14 days after infection. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin itching and skin rash.
A sexually transmitted infection ( STI ), also referred to as a sexually transmitted disease ( STD) and the older term venereal disease ( VD ), is an infection that is spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex, oral sex, or sometimes manual sex. [ 1][ 5][ 6] STIs often do not initially cause symptoms, [ 1] which ...