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Human papillomavirus infection ( HPV infection) is caused by a DNA virus from the Papillomaviridae family. [ 5] Many HPV infections cause no symptoms and 90% resolve spontaneously within two years. [ 1] In some cases, an HPV infection persists and results in either warts or precancerous lesions. [ 2] These lesions, depending on the site ...
In 2008, cervical cancer was the third-most common cancer in women worldwide, with rates varying geographically from less than one to more than 50 cases per 100,000 women. [needs update] [42] It is a leading cause of cancer-related death in poor countries, where delayed diagnosis leading to poor outcomes is common. [43]
Breast cancer screening refers to testing otherwise-healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to diagnose breast tumors early when treatments are more successful. The most common screening test for breast cancer is low-dose X-ray imaging of the breast, called mammography. [26] Each breast is pressed between two plates and imaged.
Carcinogenesis, also called oncogenesis or tumorigenesis, is the formation of a cancer, whereby normal cells are transformed into cancer cells. The process is characterized by changes at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels and abnormal cell division. Cell division is a physiological process that occurs in almost all tissues and under a ...
The basic cause of sporadic (non-familial) cancers is DNA damage and genomic instability. [1] [2] A minority of cancers are due to inherited genetic mutations. [3] Most cancers are related to environmental, lifestyle, or behavioral exposures. [4] Cancer is generally not contagious in humans, though it can be caused by oncoviruses and cancer ...
24 million annually (2019) [ 6] Deaths. 10 million annually (2019) [ 6] Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [ 2][ 7] These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. [ 7]
A carcinogen ( / kɑːrˈsɪnədʒən /) is any agent that promotes the development of cancer. [ 1] Carcinogens can include synthetic chemicals, naturally occurring substances, physical agents such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and biologic agents such as viruses and bacteria. [ 2] Most carcinogens act by creating mutations in DNA ...
His contemporary Nicolaes Tulp believed that cancer was a poison that slowly spreads, and concluded that it was contagious. [6] In the 1600s, cancer was vulgarly called "the wolf[e]". [7] The first cause of cancer was identified by British surgeon Percivall Pott, who discovered in 1775 that cancer of the scrotum was a common disease among ...