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v. t. e. A coup d'état ( / ˌkuːdeɪˈtɑː / ⓘ; French: [ku deta]; lit. 'stroke of state' ), [ 1] or simply a coup, is typically an illegal and overt attempt by a military organization or other government elites to unseat an incumbent leadership. [ 2][ 3] A self-coup is when a leader, having come to power through legal means, tries to stay ...
A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, who hold governmental powers with few to no limitations. Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by a dictator, and they are facilitated through an inner circle of elites that includes advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials.
The word dictator comes from the Latin word dictātor, agent noun from dictare (say repeatedly, assert, order). [4] [5] A dictator was a Roman magistrate given sole power for a limited duration. Originally an emergency legal appointment in the Roman Republic and the Etruscan culture, the term dictator did not have the negative meaning it has ...
v. t. e. In political science, despotism ( Greek: Δεσποτισμός, romanized : despotismós) is a form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot (as in an autocracy ), but societies which limit respect and power to specific groups have also been called despotic. [ 1]
Such titles used by heads of state and/or government during the Second World War include: Führer ("leader" or "guide") Adolf Hitler, from 1934 to 1945, dictator of Germany (formally " Führer and Reich Chancellor "). Vozhd ("leader") Joseph Stalin, dictator of Soviet Union has also been referred to as Father of Nations, "Great Leader ...
Totalitarianism is a political system and a form of government that prohibits opposition political parties, disregards and outlaws the political claims of individual and group opposition to the state, and controls the public sphere and the private sphere of society. In the field of political science, totalitarianism is the extreme form of ...
The Holocaust Encyclopedia defines fascism as "a far-right political philosophy, or theory of government, that emerged in the early twentieth century. Fascism prioritizes the nation over the individual, who exists to serve the nation." and as "an ultranationalist, authoritarian political philosophy. It combines elements of nationalism ...
A benevolent dictatorship is a government in which an authoritarian leader exercises absolute political power over the state, but is perceived to do so with regard for the benefit of the population as a whole. It stands in contrast to the decidedly malevolent stereotype of a dictator, who focuses on their supporters and their own self-interests ...