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A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a / b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 2 , − 8 5 , −8 5 , and 8 −5 .
Partial fraction decomposition. In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions ...
Calculus. In mathematics, the harmonic series is the infinite series formed by summing all positive unit fractions: The first terms of the series sum to approximately , where is the natural logarithm and is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. Because the logarithm has arbitrarily large values, the harmonic series does not have a finite limit: it ...
Any improper rational fraction can be expressed as the sum of a polynomial (possibly constant) and a proper rational fraction. In the first example of an improper fraction one has x 3 + x 2 + 1 x 2 − 5 x + 6 = ( x + 6 ) + 24 x − 35 x 2 − 5 x + 6 , {\displaystyle {\frac {x^{3}+x^{2}+1}{x^{2}-5x+6}}=(x+6)+{\frac {24x-35}{x^{2}-5x+6}},}
For example, in duodecimal, 1 / 2 = 0.6, 1 / 3 = 0.4, 1 / 4 = 0.3 and 1 / 6 = 0.2 all terminate; 1 / 5 = 0. 2497 repeats with period length 4, in contrast with the equivalent decimal expansion of 0.2; 1 / 7 = 0. 186A35 has period 6 in duodecimal, just as it does in decimal.
For instance, 1/3+1/4 = 7/12, so a notation like would represent the number that would now more commonly be written as the mixed number , or simply the improper fraction . Notation of this form can be distinguished from sequences of numerators and denominators sharing a fraction bar by the visible break in the bar.
With this framework we apply the cover-up rule to solve for A, B, and C . D1 is x + 1; set it equal to zero. This gives the residue for A when x = −1. Next, substitute this value of x into the fractional expression, but without D1. Put this value down as the value of A. Proceed similarly for B and C . D2 is x + 2; For the residue B use x = −2.
Any improper rational fraction can be expressed as the sum of a polynomial (possibly constant) and a proper rational fraction. In the first example of an improper fraction one has x 3 + x 2 + 1 x 2 − 5 x + 6 = ( x + 6 ) + 24 x − 35 x 2 − 5 x + 6 , {\displaystyle {\frac {x^{3}+x^{2}+1}{x^{2}-5x+6}}=(x+6)+{\frac {24x-35}{x^{2}-5x+6}},}