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The anterior auricular muscle, the smallest of the three auricular muscles, is thin and fan-shaped, and its fibers are pale and indistinct. It arises from the lateral edge of the epicranial aponeurosis , and its fibers converge to be inserted into a projection on the front of the helix .
Hawkins–Kennedy test: a positive test indicates shoulder impingement syndrome; Empty beer can test: a positive test indicates rotator cuff tear, specifically, supraspinatus muscle tear; Drop arm test: a positive test indicates a supraspinatus tear; External Rotation test: a positive test indicates an infraspinatus or teres minor tear
The extrinsic auricular muscles are the three muscles surrounding the auricula or outer ear: anterior auricular muscle; superior auricular muscle; posterior auricular muscle; The superior muscle is the largest of the three, followed by the posterior and the anterior. In some mammals these muscles can adjust the direction of the pinna.
Next, repeat the test with the patient's knees flexed at 90°. Increased rotation at 90° indicates a combined PCL and posterolateral knee injury. If the rotation decreases compared to 30°, then an isolated PLC injury has occurred. [7] [8] Beware of a possible medial knee injury in the face of a positive dial test.
The anterior interosseous nerve is a branch of the median nerve, with a large sensory branch to the wrist bones, which arises just below the elbow. It passes distally, anteriorly along the interosseous membrane and innervates flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus to index and middle finger as well as pronator quadratus, and supplies sensory feedback from the wrist bones, i.e. the ...
The great auricular nerve is a cutaneous (sensory) nerve of the head. It originates from the second and third cervical (spinal) nerves (C2-C3) of the cervical plexus . It provides sensory innervation to the skin over the parotid gland and the mastoid process , parts of the outer ear , and to the parotid gland and its fascia .
The helicis major (or large muscle of helix [1]) is an intrinsic muscle of the outer ear. In human anatomy , it is the form of a narrow vertical band situated upon the anterior margin of the helix , at the point where the helix becomes transverse.
The superior auricular muscle originates from the epicranial aponeurosis. [1] Its fibres converge to be inserted by a thin, flattened tendon into the upper part of the medial surface of the auricle of the outer ear. [1] It is the largest of the three auriculares muscles. [1] It is thin and fan-shaped.