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Old Coptic is the earliest stage of Coptic writing, a form of late Egyptian written in the Coptic script, a variant of the Greek alphabet. [1] It "is an analytical category … utilised by scholars to refer to a particular group of sources" and not a language, dialect or singular writing system.
Coptic translations are an important source of both Old Testament apocrypha and New Testament apocrypha. [1] [28] In some cases, the Coptic is the main or only witness to a text, as in the Gospel of Judas. [1] [20] [28] There were two main phases in the production of Coptic apocrypha. In the first, in the 4th century, the works translated were ...
Old Coptic texts used several graphemes that were not retained in the literary Coptic orthography of later centuries. In Sahidic, syllable boundaries may have been marked by a supralinear stroke ̄ , or the stroke may have tied letters together in one word, since Coptic texts did not otherwise indicate word divisions.
Portions of the Old Testament exist in each Egyptian dialect. [1] In Sahidic, some Biblical books survived with complete text, as well as a large number of extant fragments representing most of the canonical books and certain of the deutero-canonical (the two Wisdoms, the Epistle of Jeremiah, and the Greek additions to Daniel).
Coptic is not generally used today except by the members of the Coptic Orthodox Church to write their religious texts. All the Gnostic codices found at Nag Hammadi used the Coptic script. The Old Nubian alphabet—used to write Old Nubian , a Nilo-Saharan language —is an uncial variant of the Coptic script, with additional characters borrowed ...
Coptic is the name given to the late Egyptian vernacular when it was written in a Greek-based alphabet, the Coptic alphabet; it flourished from the time of Early Christianity (c. 31/33–324), but Egyptian phrases written in the Greek alphabet first appeared during the Hellenistic period c. 3rd century BC, [40] with the first known Coptic text ...
The Coptic (Sahidic) version of certain Books of the Old Testament: from a papyrus in the British Museum (1908) Franz-Jürgen Schmitz, Gerd Mink, Liste der koptischen Handschriften des neuen Testaments, Walter de Gruyter, 1991, vol. 1, part 2, (pp. 1279) ISBN 3-11-013015-7, ISBN 978-3-11-013015-7; Assorted Images of Coptic Manuscripts
Codex Copticus Tischendorfianus I is a Coptic uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 10th or 11th century. Originally it contained the text of the four Gospels. It is written in Sahidic dialect of Coptic language. It is classified on the list of Coptic manuscripts of the New Testament on the position sa 181. [1]