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The nucleoid (meaning nucleus-like) is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material. [1] [2] [3] The chromosome of a typical prokaryote is circular, and its length is very large compared to the cell dimensions, so it needs to be compacted in order to fit.
In contrast, heterochromatin has high nucleosome concentration and is associated with repression of gene expression and replication, as the necessary proteins cannot interact with the DNA. Chromatin remodeling enzymes: These enzymes are responsible for promoting euchromatin or heterochromatin formation by a number of processes, particularly ...
Histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (H-NS), is one of twelve nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) [1] whose main function is the organization of genetic material, including the regulation of gene expression via xenogeneic silencing. [2]
Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental ...
Integration host factor, IHF, is not a nucleoid-associated protein only found in gram negative bacteria. [15] It is a 20 kDa heterodimer, composed of α and β subunits that bind to the sequence 5' - WATCAANNNNTTR - 3' and bends the DNA approximately 160 degrees. [16] The β arms of IHF have Proline residues that help stabilize the DNA kinks.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to genetics: . Genetics – science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms. [1] [2] Genetics deals with the molecular structure and function of genes, and gene behavior in context of a cell or organism (e.g. dominance and epigenetics), patterns of inheritance from parent to offspring, and gene distribution ...
Gene structure is the organisation of specialised sequence elements within a gene. Genes contain most of the information necessary for living cells to survive and reproduce. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In most organisms, genes are made of DNA, where the particular DNA sequence determines the function of the gene.
These proteins take part in RNA transcription and gene regulation in the nucleoplasm. [2] Proteins located in the nucleoplasm are involved in the activation of genes that are used in the cell cycle. [8] Some nucleoporins which typically make up the nuclear pore, can be mobile and participate in the regulation of gene expression in the nucleoplasm.
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