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Ground-glass opacity (GGO) is a finding seen on chest x-ray (radiograph) or computed tomography (CT) imaging of the lungs. It is typically defined as an area of hazy opacification (x-ray) or increased attenuation (CT) due to air displacement by fluid, airway collapse, fibrosis , or a neoplastic process . [ 1 ]
Acute presentation may reveal poorly defined a micro-nodular interstitial pattern and ground-glass opacities in the lower and mid lung zones. In addition to this, subacute presentations may show reticular nodular opacities in mid-to-lower lung zones. [1] Chronic forms may show fibrotic changes and appear like Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. [3]
Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) is a form of lung disease characterized by progressive scarring of both lungs. [1] The scarring (pulmonary fibrosis) involves the pulmonary interstitium (the supporting framework of the lung). UIP is thus classified as a form of interstitial lung disease.
PAM may be confined to certain areas or show diffuse distribution through the lungs. [8] Lung biopsy and autopsy specimens demonstrate characteristic intra-alveolar lamellar microliths. [8] [17] Calcium deposits in the alveoli begin in the lower lobes and spread over a period of years throughout the lungs. [5]
Desquamative interstitial pneumonia has a favourable prognosis and most patients improve with proper treatment. The mortality rate of DIP is between 6 and 28%. [22] The survival rate of DIP is estimated to be between 68% and 94%. Without treatment around 60% of patients get worse. Spontaneous recovery had also been reported. [16]
The treatment of choice in any patient with BAC is complete surgical resection, typically via lobectomy or pneumonectomy, with concurrent ipsilateral lymphadenectomy. [ 16 ] Non-mucinous BAC are highly associated with classical EGFR mutations, and thus are often responsive to targeted chemotherapy with erlotinib and gefitinib.
The most important factor for treating DAD or ARDS is to treat the underlying cause of the injury to the lungs, [9] for example pneumonia or sepsis. These patients will have problems with oxygenation, meaning they will likely need a breathing tube , medications to keep them comfortable (sedative, paralytic, and/or analgesic), and a mechanical ...
cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (late stage "honeycomb lung") cystic bronchiectasis; Langerhans cell histiocytosis; lymphangioleiomyomatosis; A chest X-ray showing a very prominent wedge-shape area of airspace consolidation in the right lung characteristic of acute bacterial lobar pneumonia. Ground glass. extrinsic allergic alveolitis