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So far, empirical research from a life course perspective has not resulted in the development of a formal theory. [8] Glen Elder theorized the life course as based on five key principles: life-span development, human agency, historical time and geographic place, timing of decisions, and linked lives. As a concept, a life course is defined as "a ...
"Axiom 1: Social systems generate inequality, which is manifested over the life course through demographic and developmental processes. Axiom 2: Disadvantage increases exposure to risk, but advantage increases exposure to opportunity. Axiom 3: Life course trajectories are shaped by the accumulation of risk, available resources, and human agency.
Life course research is an interdisciplinary field in the social and behavioral sciences. Developed during the 1960s, it aims to study human development over the entire life span. As such, it brings together aspects of human development that had previously only been studied separately. [ 1 ]
Hertzman outlines three health effects that have relevance for a life-course perspective. [89] Latent effects are biological or developmental early life experiences that influence health later in life. Low birth weight, for instance, is a reliable predictor of incidence of cardiovascular disease and adult-onset diabetes in later life ...
This experiment documents subjects during three main periods of their life: childhood, 6–11 years of age, adolescence, 12–17 years of age, and adulthood, 20–25 years of age. Offenders that begin to show antisocial behavior in childhood that continues into adulthood are what Moffitt considers to be life-course-persistent offenders.
Socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children. [5] [6] Socialization may lead to desirable outcomes—sometimes labeled "moral"—as regards the society where it occurs. [7]
The key to life history theory is that there are limited resources available, and focusing on only a few life history characteristics is necessary. Examples of some major life history characteristics include: Age at first reproductive event; Reproductive lifespan and ageing; Number and size of offspring
Instead, his ideas evolved and adapted to the research and ideas of the times. For example, the role of proximal processes, which is now recognized as a key feature of bioecological systems theory, did not emerge until the 1990s. [17] This theory went through a series of transformations and elaborations until 2005 when Bronfenbrenner died. [18]