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In linear algebra, a column vector with elements is an matrix [1] consisting of a single column of entries, for example, = [].. Similarly, a row vector is a matrix for some , consisting of a single row of entries, = […]. (Throughout this article, boldface is used for both row and column vectors.)
The row space of this matrix is the vector space spanned by the row vectors. The column vectors of a matrix. The column space of this matrix is the vector space spanned by the column vectors. In linear algebra, the column space (also called the range or image) of a matrix A is the span (set of all possible linear combinations) of its column ...
When vectors are involved, the terms row vector and column vector are commonly used instead. A matrix with the same number of rows and columns is called a square matrix. [5] A matrix with an infinite number of rows or columns (or both) is called an infinite matrix.
More generally, there are d! possible orders for a given array, one for each permutation of dimensions (with row-major and column-order just 2 special cases), although the lists of stride values are not necessarily permutations of each other, e.g., in the 2-by-3 example above, the strides are (3,1) for row-major and (1,2) for column-major.
For example, in attempting to find the maximum likelihood estimate of a multivariate normal distribution using matrix calculus, if the domain is a k×1 column vector, then the result using the numerator layout will be in the form of a 1×k row vector. Thus, either the results should be transposed at the end or the denominator layout (or mixed ...
In linear algebra, linear transformations can be represented by matrices.If is a linear transformation mapping to and is a column vector with entries, then there exists an matrix , called the transformation matrix of , [1] such that: = Note that has rows and columns, whereas the transformation is from to .
A coordinate vector is commonly organized as a column matrix (also called a column vector), which is a matrix with only one column. So, a column vector represents both a coordinate vector, and a vector of the original vector space. A linear map A from a vector space of dimension n into a vector space of dimension m maps a column vector
Formally, a multivariate random variable is a column vector = (, …,) (or its transpose, which is a row vector) whose components are random variables on the probability space (,,), where is the sample space, is the sigma-algebra (the collection of all events), and is the probability measure (a function returning each event's probability).