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Oculocutaneous albinism is a form of albinism involving the eyes , the skin (-cutaneous), and the hair. [1] Overall, an estimated 1 in 20,000 people worldwide are born with oculocutaneous albinism. [1] OCA is caused by mutations in several genes that control the synthesis of melanin within the melanocytes. [2]
Oculocutaneous albinism type I or type 1A [1] is form of the autosomal recessive condition oculocutaneous albinism that is caused by a dysfunction in the gene for tyrosinase (symbol TYR or OCA1). The location of OCA1 may be written as "11q1.4–q2.1", meaning it is on chromosome 11 , long arm, somewhere in the range of band 1, sub-band 4, and ...
Heřmanský–Pudlák syndrome (often written Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome or abbreviated HPS) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive [1] disorder which results in oculocutaneous albinism (decreased pigmentation), bleeding problems due to a platelet abnormality (platelet storage pool defect), and storage of an abnormal fat-protein compound (lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin).
Genetic testing can confirm albinism and what variety it is, but offers no medical benefits, except in the case of non-OCA disorders. Such disorders cause other medical problems in conjunction with albinism, and may be treatable. Genetic tests are currently available for parents who want to find out if they are carriers of ty-neg albinism.
Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is the most common type of ocular albinism, with a prevalence rate of 1:50,000. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is an inheritable classical Mendelian type X-linked recessive disorder wherein the retinal pigment epithelium lacks pigment while hair and skin appear normal.
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1a Oculocutaneous albinism type 1b: TYRP1: Tyrosine-related protein 1: Oculocutaneous albinism type 3: FLT4: VEGFR-3: Milroy disease: VHL: Von Hippel–Lindau disease: XPA: Xeroderma pigmentosa: XPB: DNA helicase: Xeroderma pigmentosa Trichothiodystrophy Xeroderma pigmentosum–Cockayne syndrome: XPC: Xeroderma ...
P protein, also known as melanocyte-specific transporter protein or pink-eyed dilution protein homolog, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the oculocutaneous albinism II (OCA2) gene. [5] The P protein is believed to be an integral membrane protein involved in small molecule transport, specifically of tyrosine —a precursor of melanin .
Griscelli syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive [1] disorder characterized by albinism (hypopigmentation) with immunodeficiency, that usually causes death by early childhood. Researchers have developed three different classifications of the form of disorder, characterised by different signs and symptoms.