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This article describes experimental procedures for determining whether a coin is fair or unfair. There are many statistical methods for analyzing such an experimental procedure. This article illustrates two of them. Both methods prescribe an experiment (or trial) in which the coin is tossed many times and the result of each toss is recorded.
One for which the probability is not 1/2 is called a biased or unfair coin. In theoretical studies, the assumption that a coin is fair is often made by referring to an ideal coin . John Edmund Kerrich performed experiments in coin flipping and found that a coin made from a wooden disk about the size of a crown and coated on one side with lead ...
"Circulating Coins Production data". United States Mint. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. United States Mint. Archived 2017-01-31 at the Wayback Machine; Archived 2007-03-14 at the Wayback Machine dead links "50 STATE QUARTERS". COINSHEET. Archived from the original on October 27, 2007. "Pennies Minted by the U.S. Mint from 1970 to ...
Coin collecting, sometimes called numismatics, can be more than a hobby for some. It can be a money-making investment. The same goes for collecting, saving or reselling old paper money. Learn: 5 ...
While a run of five heads has a probability of 1 / 32 = 0.03125 (a little over 3%), the misunderstanding lies in not realizing that this is the case only before the first coin is tossed. After the first four tosses in this example, the results are no longer unknown, so their probabilities are at that point equal to 1 (100%).
A simple example is the tossing of a fair (unbiased) coin. Since the coin is fair, the two outcomes ("heads" and "tails") are both equally probable; the probability of "heads" equals the probability of "tails"; and since no other outcomes are possible, the probability of either "heads" or "tails" is 1/2 (which could also be written as 0.5 or 50%).
As visitors' coins splash into Rome's majestic Trevi Fountain carrying wishes for love, good health or a return to the Eternal City, they provide practical help to people the tourists will never meet.
A casino offers a game of chance for a single player in which a fair coin is tossed at each stage. The initial stake begins at 2 dollars and is doubled every time tails appears. The first time heads appears, the game ends and the player wins whatever is the current stake.