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Saint Dominic anachronistically presiding over an auto de fe, by Pedro Berruguete (around 1495) [1]. An auto-da-fé (/ ˌ ɔː t oʊ d ə ˈ f eɪ, ˌ aʊ t-/ AW-toh-də-FAY, OW-; from Portuguese auto da fé or Spanish auto de fe ([ˈawto ðe ˈfe], meaning 'act of faith') was the ritual of public penance, carried out between the 15th and 19th centuries, of condemned heretics and apostates ...
The Mexican Inquisition was an extension of the events that were occurring in Spain and the rest of Europe for some time. Spanish Catholicism had been reformed under the reign of Isabella I of Castile (1479– 1504), which reaffirmed medieval doctrines and tightened discipline and practice.
Contemporary illustration of the auto-da-fé of Valladolid, in which fourteen Protestants were burned at the stake for their faith, on May 21, 1559. Augustino de Cazalla († 1559), Valladolid, Spain; Carlos de Seso († 1559), Valladolid, Spain; María de Bohórquez († 1559), Sevilla, Spain; Pietro Carnesecchi († 1567) Florence, Italy
The auto-da-fé, like the one shown in the Inquisition Tribunal, was used to publicly shame and break an accused heretic. The victim had often been tortured beforehand until they confessed to the crimes of which they had been accused. The accuser(s) and witnesses against the "heretic" were kept secret from the accused until the public shaming.
Gustav Henningsen and Jaime Contreras studied the records of the Spanish Inquisition, which list 44,674 cases of which 826 resulted in executions in person and 778 in effigy (i.e. a straw dummy was burned in place of the person). [22] William Monter estimated there were 1000 executions in Spain between 1530–1630 and 250 between 1630 and 1730 ...
An auto de fé was a ceremony of pomp and circumstance, a display of the power of the inquisitors. [81] At the same time, it was a popular feast, annual and expensive, and the people who attended brought snacks as if for a picnic. [82] The reading of the sentences could take all day. The place of executions was never the same of the auto de fé ...
The auto de fé frequently was taken to the canvas by painters: one of the better-known examples is the 1683 painting by Francisco Rizi, held by the Prado Museum in Madrid that represents the auto celebrated in the Plaza Mayor of Madrid on 30 June 1680. The last public auto de fé took place in 1691. [citation needed]
On 16 November 1491 an auto-da-fé was held outside of Ávila that ended in the public execution of several Jews and conversos. The suspects had confessed under torture to murdering a child. Among the executed were Benito García, the converso who initially confessed to the murder. [3]