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Antioch was the place where Jesus' followers were first called "Christians" (as well as "Catholic") [41] and was the first church that St Peter had founded. [42] Alexandria, was also an important early center of Christian thought.
The Church of Antioch (Arabic: كنيسة أنطاكية, romanized: kánīsa ʾanṭākiya, pronounced [ka.niː.sa ʔan.tˤaː.ki.ja]; Turkish: Antakya Kilisesi) was the first of the five major churches of what later became the pentarchy in Christianity, with its primary seat in the ancient Greek city of Antioch (present-day Antakya, Turkey).
The first Christians were men and women who had known Jesus and who witnessed to his resurrection. [95] They were a Jewish sect with an apocalyptic eschatology. They regarded Jesus as Lord , resurrected messiah, and the eternally existing Son of God , [ 7 ] [ 96 ] [ note 8 ] expecting the second coming of Jesus and the start of God's Kingdom .
Antioch was a chief center of early Christianity during Roman times, [27] and converts there were the first people to be called Christians. [28] The city had a large population of Jewish origin in a quarter called the Kerateion , and so attracted the earliest missionaries. [ 29 ]
According to Church tradition, the Melkite Church of Antioch is the "oldest continuous Christian community in the world". [12] In Arabic, the official language of the church, [4] it is called ar-Rūm al-Kāṯūlīk (Arabic: الروم الكاثوليك, lit. '[Eastern] Roman Catholic').
The earliest Bishops of Rome were all Greek-speaking, the most notable of them being: Pope Clement I (c. 88–97), author of an Epistle to the Church in Corinth; Pope Telesphorus (c. 126–136), probably the only martyr among them; Pope Pius I (c. 141–154), said by the Muratorian fragment to have been the brother of the author of the Shepherd ...
The frequency of Holy Years has changed over time: at first, they were celebrated every 100 years; later, in 1343 Pope Clement VI reduced the gap between Jubilees to every 50 years, and in 1470 ...
The history of the Catholic Church is the formation, events, and historical development of the Catholic Church through time.. According to the tradition of the Catholic Church, it started from the day of Pentecost at the upper room of Jerusalem; [1] the Catholic tradition considers that the Church is a continuation of the early Christian community established by the Disciples of Jesus.