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[a] This means that the function that maps y to f(x) + J(x) ⋅ (y – x) is the best linear approximation of f(y) for all points y close to x. The linear map h → J(x) ⋅ h is known as the derivative or the differential of f at x. When m = n, the Jacobian matrix is square, so its determinant is a well-defined function of x, known as the ...
Lemma 1. ′ =, where ′ is the differential of . This equation means that the differential of det {\displaystyle \det } , evaluated at the identity matrix, is equal to the trace. The differential det ′ ( I ) {\displaystyle \det '(I)} is a linear operator that maps an n × n matrix to a real number.
The derivative of ′ is the second derivative, denoted as ″ , and the derivative of ″ is the third derivative, denoted as ‴ . By continuing this process, if it exists, the n {\displaystyle n} th derivative is the derivative of the ( n − 1 ) {\displaystyle (n-1)} th derivative or the derivative of order ...
A simple two-point estimation is to compute the slope of a nearby secant line through the points (x, f(x)) and (x + h, f(x + h)). [1] Choosing a small number h, h represents a small change in x, and it can be either positive or negative. The slope of this line is (+) ().
Derivative Accuracy −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 −1/2: 0: 1/2: 4 1/12: −2/3: 0: 2/3: −1/12: 6 −1/60: 3/20: −3/4: 0: 3/4: −3/20: 1/60: 8 1/280 ...
An illustration of the five-point stencil in one and two dimensions (top, and bottom, respectively). In numerical analysis, given a square grid in one or two dimensions, the five-point stencil of a point in the grid is a stencil made up of the point itself together with its four "neighbors".
The logarithmic derivative is another way of stating the rule for differentiating the logarithm of a function (using the chain rule): () ′ = ′, wherever is positive. ...
For example, the type T of binary trees containing values of type A can be represented as the algebra generated by the transformation 1+A×T 2 →T. The "1" represents the construction of an empty tree, and the second term represents the construction of a tree from a value and two subtrees. The "+" indicates that a tree can be constructed ...