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The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying, mapping and sequencing all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.
A genome map is less detailed than a genome sequence and aids in navigating around the genome. [75] [76] An example of a variation map is the HapMap being developed by the International HapMap Project. The HapMap is a haplotype map of the human genome, "which will describe the common patterns of human DNA sequence variation."
This map provides sequences of known distances apart, which can be used to help with the assembly of sequence reads acquired through shotgun sequencing. [4] The human genome sequence, which was declared complete in 2003, was assembled using both a BAC library and shotgun sequencing. [18] [19]
A complete human genome, seen here in pairs of chromosomes, offers a wealth of information, but it is hard connect genetics to traits or disease. HYanWong/Wikimedia ComonsThe first draft of the ...
The Allen Human Brain Atlas was made public in May 2010. It was the first anatomically and genomically comprehensive three-dimensional human brain map. [4] The atlas was created to enhance research in many neuroscience research fields including neuropharmacology, human brain imaging, human genetics, neuroanatomy, genomics and more.
The International HapMap Project was an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human genetic variation. HapMap is used to find genetic variants affecting health, disease and responses to drugs and environmental factors.
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project advances in human population genetics and comparative genomics enabled further insight into genetic diversity. [7] The understanding about structural variations (insertions/deletions (), copy number variations (CNV), retroelements), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and natural selection were being solidified.
The first printout of the human reference genome presented as a series of books, displayed at the Wellcome Collection, London. A reference genome (also known as a reference assembly) is a digital nucleic acid sequence database, assembled by scientists as a representative example of the set of genes in one idealized individual organism of a species.