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Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases. They are the most commonly prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis. [1] They are called bisphosphonates because they have two phosphonate (PO(OH) 2) groups. They are thus also called diphosphonates (bis-or di ...
It is in the bisphosphonate family of medications. [3] It works by blocking the activity of osteoclast cells and thus decreases the breakdown of bone. [3] Zoledronic acid was patented in 1986 and approved for medical use in the United States in 2001. [3] [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9]
TNF-α Inhibitors are the most commonly prescribed medication among biologic response modifiers used to treat arthritis. Patients with rheumatic conditions may have higher levels of TNF in the systemic circulation. [18] As a result of increased levels of TNF, there would be more inflammation and persistent symptoms of arthritis. [18]
Tentative evidence does not support the use of bisphosphonates as a standard treatment for secondary osteoporosis in children. [168] Different bisphosphonates have not been directly compared, therefore it is unknown if one is better than another. [122] Fracture risk reduction is between 25 and 70% depending on the bone involved. [122]
Ibandronic acid is a bisphosphonate medication used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and metastasis-associated skeletal fractures in people with cancer. [4] It may also be used to treat hypercalcemia (elevated blood calcium levels). It is typically formulated as its sodium salt ibandronate sodium. [medical citation needed]
Alendronic acid, sold under the brand name Fosamax among others, is a bisphosphonate medication used to treat osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone. [4] It is taken by mouth. [4] Use is often recommended together with vitamin D, calcium supplementation, and lifestyle changes. [4]
When treatment with DMARDs fails, cyclophosphamide or steroid pulse therapy is often used to stabilise uncontrolled autoimmune disease. Some severe autoimmune diseases are being treated with bone marrow transplants in clinical trials , usually after cyclophosphamide therapy has failed.
Etidronic acid is a bisphosphonate used to strengthen bone, treat osteoporosis, and treat Paget's disease of bone.. Bisphosphonates primarily reduce osteoclastic activity, which prevents bone resorption, and thus moves the bone resorption/formation equilibrium toward the formation side and hence makes bone stronger on the long run.