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The three main ways of measuring attachment in adults include the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), and self-report questionnaires. The AAI and AAP are based on a developmental perspective, while the self-report questionnaires are based on a social psychology perspective.
Adult assessments: Adult Self-Report (ASR) – To be completed by the adult. This assesses the adult's adaptive functioning, strengths, and problems. Adult Behavior Checklist (ABCL) – To be completed by a known individual of the adult, meant to reflect answers provided on the ASR. Brief Problem Monitor for Ages 18-59 (BPM/18-59)
Self-report measures of attachment may be biased by mental health conditions. For example, clinical depression is often associated with negative thoughts about the self, and this cognitive bias may influence the self-report in attachment questionnaires. There may be interpersonal consequences from untreated mental health conditions.
Mary Main (1943 – January 6, 2023) was an American psychologist notable for her work in the field of attachment. A Professor at the University of California Berkeley, Main is particularly known for her introduction of the 'disorganized' infant attachment classification and for development of the Adult Attachment Interview and coding system for assessing states of mind regarding attachment.
An attachment figure for children may be one or both parents or other close caregiver, and for adults a romantic partner. An attachment figure is someone to whom a person is most likely to turn to under stress. [18] That person may be a stronger, wiser, and trusted (even if not always safe or protective) person. [19]
Adults are described as having four attachment styles: [13] Secure; Anxious preoccupied; Dismissive avoidant; Fearful avoidant; These attachment styles in adults correspond to the secure attachment style, the anxious-ambivalent attachment style, the anxious-avoidant attachment style, and the disorganized attachment style respectively in children.
The Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Symptom Checklist is a self-reported questionnaire used to assist in the diagnosis of adult ADHD.Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a neurological disorder that can present itself not only in childhood, but also adolescence and adulthood.
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. [1] It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models [2] and those of the five factor model.