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2. Water softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

   Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes and fittings.

3. Water crystal gel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_crystal_gel

   Hydrated water gel, or water beads. Water crystal gel or water beads or gel beads is any gel which absorbs and contains a large amount of water.Water gel is usually in spherical form and composed of a water-absorbing superabsorbent polymer (SAP, also known as slush powder in dry form) such as a polyacrylamide (frequently sodium polyacrylate).

4. Lime softening - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_softening

   Lime softening (also known as lime buttering, lime-soda treatment, or Clark's process) [1] is a type of water treatment used for water softening, which uses the addition of limewater (calcium hydroxide) to remove hardness (deposits of calcium and magnesium salts) by precipitation.

5. Dealkalization of water - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dealkalization_of_water

   Chloride cycle dealkalizers operate similar to sodium cycle cation water softeners. Like water softeners, dealkalizers contain ion-exchange resins that are regenerated with a concentrated salt solution - NaCl. In the case of a water softener, the cation exchange resin is exchanging sodium (the Na + ion of NaCl) for hardness minerals such as ...

6. Silica gel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silica_gel

   Once saturated with water, the gel may be regenerated by heating it to about 120 °C (248 °F) [7] [8] for 1–2 hours. [7] Some types of silica gel will "pop" when exposed to enough water. This is caused by breakage of the silica spheres when contacting the water. [16] Regenerating silica gel is important for both economic and environmental ...

7. Pellet (steel industry) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellet_(steel_industry)

   Softening Temperature: 1290°C, with a difference of 230°C between the softening and melting temperatures. Unlike agglomerated ores, which may include basic fluxes like silicates in the binder during pelletizing, acid pellets maintain their acidic composition due to their solid spherical shape.