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Figure 5: Equilibrium in both production and consumption in the Robinson Crusoe economy. At equilibrium, the demand for coconuts will equal the supply of coconuts and the demand for labour will equal the supply of labour. [5] Graphically this occurs when the diagrams under consumer and producer are superimposed. [7] Notice that, MRS Leisure ...
Malthusianism is a theory that population growth is potentially exponential, according to the Malthusian growth model, while the growth of the food supply or other resources is linear, which eventually reduces living standards to the point of triggering a population decline.
Flannery's hypothesis was meant to help explain the adoption of agriculture in the Neolithic Revolution.Unpersuaded by "the facile explanation of prehistoric environmental change" [2] Flannery suggested (following Lewis Binford's equilibrium model) that population growth in optimal habitats led to demographic pressure within nearby marginal habitats as daughter groups migrated.
In most simple microeconomic stories of supply and demand a static equilibrium is observed in a market; however, economic equilibrium can be also dynamic. Equilibrium may also be economy-wide or general, as opposed to the partial equilibrium of a single market. Equilibrium can change if there is a change in demand or supply conditions.
General equilibrium theory is a central point of contention and influence between the neoclassical school and other schools of economic thought, and different schools have varied views on general equilibrium theory. Some, such as the Keynesian and Post-Keynesian schools, strongly reject general equilibrium theory as "misleading" and "useless".
This not only makes the formulas more concise and clear but also facilitates the use of analytical tools from linear algebra and matrix theory. The John von Neumann's general equilibrium model and the structural equilibrium model are examples of matrix-form CGE models, which can be viewed as generalizations of eigenequations.
A population is in Malthusian equilibrium when all of its production is used only for subsistence. Malthusian equilibrium is a locally stable and a dynamic equilibrium . See also
In mathematical economics, the Arrow–Debreu model is a theoretical general equilibrium model. It posits that under certain economic assumptions (convex preferences, perfect competition, and demand independence), there must be a set of prices such that aggregate supplies will equal aggregate demands for every commodity in the economy.