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Armstrong World Industries, Inc. is a Pennsylvania corporation incorporated in 1891. [2] It is an international designer and manufacturer of wall and ceiling building materials. Based in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, AWI has a global manufacturing network of 26 facilities, including nine plants dedicated to its WAVE joint venture. [3]
division 17 - master format related specs, nonconforming to the above csi sections All spec divisions higher than 16 are placed in Division 17 - Others. Also use Division 17-Others for any spec-shaped material not easily classified (e.g., geotechnical, pre-bid notes, etc.)
"50 Divisions" is the most widely used standard for organizing specifications and other written information for commercial and institutional building projects in the United States and Canada. [5] Standardizing the presentation of such information improves communication among all parties.
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After World War II, building construction specifications began to expand, as more advanced materials and choices were made available. [4] The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) was founded in 1948 and began to address the organization of specifications into a numbering system. In 1963, they published a format for construction ...
Building Materials - P.C. Varghese - Google Books; Architectural Building Materials - Salvan, George S. - Google Books; Durability of Building Materials and Components 8: Service Life and Asset Management - Michael A. Lacasse, Dana J. Vanier - Google Books; Durability of Building Materials and Components - J. M. Baker - Google Books
Uniformat is a standard for classifying building specifications, cost estimating, and cost analysis in the U.S. and Canada. The elements are major components common to most buildings. The system can be used to provide consistency in the economic evaluation of building projects.
A PDF file is organized using ASCII characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [24]