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[2] [3] This definition highlights the co-constitutive aspect of sectarianism and people's agency, as opposed to understanding sectarianism as being fixed and incompatible communal boundaries. [1] [2] [3] While sectarianism is often labelled as religious or political, the reality of a sectarian situation is usually much more complex.
A number of studies have found that human biology can be linked with political orientation. [1] This means that an individual's biology may predispose them to a particular political orientation and ideology or, conversely, that subscription to certain ideologies may predispose them to measurable biological and health outcomes.
The interdisciplinary study of biology and political science is the application of theories and methods from the field of biology toward the scientific understanding of political behavior. The field is sometimes called biopolitics , a term that will be used in this article as a synonym although it has other, less related meanings.
Under apartheid, South Africa was a sectarian democracy which some called a "white-only democracy". [1] White South Africans enjoyed the right to vote and to participate in the political process whereas the Black South Africans were oppressed.
Sectarianism, according to one definition, is bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group, such as between different denominations of a religion, class, regional or factions of a political movement
Sectarian discrimination focuses on the exclusion aspect of sectarianism and can be defined as 'hatred arising from attaching importance to perceived differences between subdivisions within a group', for example the different denominations of a religion or the factions of a political belief. [2] Sectarian discrimination is commonly an ...
Soon after, in 1818, defenders of the French Old Regime founded a pro-monarchy journal, Le Conservateur, that first used "conservative" in the modern, political sense. The magazine listed what it ...
In contemporary US political science studies, usage of the term is mostly divided between a poststructuralist group using the meaning assigned by Foucault (denoting social and political power over life) and another group that uses it to denote studies relating biology and political science. [8]