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Plasma oscillations, also known as Langmuir waves (after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conducting media such as plasmas or metals in the ultraviolet region. The oscillations can be described as an instability in the dielectric function of a free electron gas .
Waves in plasmas can be classified as electromagnetic or electrostatic according to whether or not there is an oscillating magnetic field. Applying Faraday's law of induction to plane waves , we find k × E ~ = ω B ~ {\displaystyle \mathbf {k} \times {\tilde {\mathbf {E} }}=\omega {\tilde {\mathbf {B} }}} , implying that an electrostatic wave ...
In mathematics, the Zakharov system is a system of non-linear partial differential equations, introduced by Vladimir Zakharov in 1972 to describe the propagation of Langmuir waves in an ionized plasma. The system consists of a complex field u and a real field n satisfying the equations
In an unmagnetized plasma, waves above the plasma frequency propagate through the plasma according to the dispersion relation: = = + In an unmagnetized plasma for the high frequency or low electron density limit, i.e. for = (/) / or / where ω pe is the plasma frequency, the wave speed is the speed of light in vacuum.
Bernstein–Greene–Kruskal modes (a.k.a. BGK modes) are nonlinear electrostatic waves that propagate in a collisionless plasma.They are nonlinear solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson system of equations in plasma physics, [1] and are named after physicists Ira B. Bernstein, John M. Greene, and Martin D. Kruskal, who solved and published the exact solution for the one-dimensional unmagnetized case ...
A Langmuir probe is a device used to determine the electron temperature, electron density, and electric potential of a plasma. It works by inserting one or more electrodes into a plasma, with a constant or time-varying electric potential between the various electrodes or between them and the surrounding vessel.
Sailboats (or surfers) catching an ocean wave are sped up and slowed down to match the wave speed. It is possible to imagine Langmuir waves as waves in the sea, and the particles as surfers trying to catch the wave, all moving in the same direction. If the surfer is moving on the water surface at a velocity slightly less than the waves they ...
The charge density oscillations and associated electromagnetic fields are called surface plasmon-polariton waves. The exponential dependence of the electromagnetic field intensity on the distance away from the interface is shown on the right. These waves can be excited very efficiently with light in the visible range of the electromagnetic ...