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The kingdom of the Siamese has been known to the West since 1430; when the Italian Niccolò de' Conti first visited Tenasserim, then part of the Kingdom of Sukhothai. [2] The first known Briton recorded to have set foot in the area that is now modern Thailand was Ralph Fitch who arrived in Chiang Mai (referred to as Lamahey in his account) in 1586. [3]
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, only Thailand survived the European colonial threat in Southeast Asia due to centralizing reforms enacted by King Chulalongkorn, and because the French and the British decided to maintain it as a neutral territory to avoid conflicts between their colonies. After the end of absolute monarchy in 1932 ...
One version of the map of Thailand's territorial losses, listing eight instances of losses to the French and British colonial empires. The territorial losses of Thailand is a concept in Thai historiography, referring to conflicts during the Rattanakosin period of Thailand (or Siam as it was historically known) where the country was forced to cede territory, especially to the Western powers of ...
In 1984 the British government signed the Sino-British Joint Declaration with China and agreed to turn over Hong Kong and its dependencies in 1997. British rule ended on 30 June 1997, with China taking over at midnight, 1 July 1997 (at end of the 99-year lease over the New Territories, along with the ceded Hong Kong Island and Kowloon).
Thailand – the only independent state in Southeast Asia, but bordered by a British sphere of influence in the north and south and French influence in the northeast and east Turkey – successor to the Ottoman Empire in 1923; the Ottoman Empire itself could be considered a colonial empire
Rama II's greatest accomplishment was the establishment of a government of ministers. Near the end of his reign, in 1820, the British came on the scene seeking control of Penang. Rama II was followed by Rama III (r. 1824–1851). He granted concessions to the British in exchange for their support. The same would be done later with the French.
Fortunately for the British, many areas remained loyal and quiescent, allowing the revolt to be crushed after fierce fighting. One important consequence of the revolt was the final collapse of the Mughal dynasty. The mutiny also ended the system of dual control under which the British government and the British East India Company shared authority.
Prince Vivadhanajaya Jayanta signing the Anglo-Thai Peace Treaty in 1946. The Anglo-Thai Peace Treaty (long title: Formal Agreement for the Termination of the State of War between Siam and Great Britain and India) signed in Singapore on 1 January 1946 ended the state of war that had existed between Thailand and the United Kingdom since the former's declaration of war of 25 January 1942 during ...