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Antipsychotics by class Generic name Brand names Chemical class ATC code Typical antipsychotics; Acepromazine: Atravet, Acezine: phenothiazine: N05AA04
Mydriasis is frequently induced by drugs for certain ophthalmic examinations and procedures, particularly those requiring visual access to the retina. Fixed, unilateral mydriasis could be a symptom of raised intracranial pressure. The opposite, constriction of the pupil, is referred to as miosis. Both mydriasis and miosis can be physiological.
A constriction response , [2] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications. Constriction of the pupil occurs when the circular muscle , controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS), contracts, and also to an extent when the radial muscle relaxes.
Anticholinergic drugs are used to treat a variety of conditions: Dizziness (including vertigo and motion sickness-related symptoms) Extrapyramidal symptoms, a potential side-effect of antipsychotic medications; Gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., peptic ulcers, diarrhea, pyloro spasm, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, nausea, and vomiting)
For example, Pakistan uses prices from Bangladesh and India, while Iran uses prices from Greece, Spain, Turkey and the drug country of origin. Drug price data from LMICs can be lacking, and in such situations, international medicine prices can be obtained from the International Medical Products Price Guide. Some countries use ERP for all drug ...
(vasoconstriction and mydriasis; used as vasopressors, nasal decongestants and during eye exams). Selected examples are: Adrenoswitch-1 (photoswitchable partial α 1 agonist and light-controlled mydriatic) [1] Methoxamine; Midodrine; Metaraminol; Phenylephrine [2] Amidephrine [3] Sdz-nvi-085 [104195-17-7].
The name Belladonna, meaning beautiful ladies, was derived from women using berry juice from the plant cosmetically to dilate their pupils. [ 4 ] The mydriatic effect was studied by the German chemist Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge (1795-1867), in which the active ingredient, atropine , was first discovered by Vaquelin in 1809 and was first isolated ...
Tropicamide is an antimuscarinic drug that produces short acting mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia [7] when applied as eye drops. It is used to allow better examination of the lens , vitreous humor , and retina .