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  2. Square root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root

    Square root. Notation for the (principal) square root of x. For example, √ 25 = 5, since 25 = 5 ⋅ 5, or 52 (5 squared). In mathematics, a square root of a number x is a number y such that ; in other words, a number y whose square (the result of multiplying the number by itself, or ) is x. [1] For example, 4 and −4 are square roots of 16 ...

  3. Continued fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continued_fraction

    For example, for positive integers p and q, and non-square n, it is true that if p 2 − nq 2 = ±1, then ⁠ p / q ⁠ is a convergent of the regular continued fraction for √ n. The converse holds if the period of the regular continued fraction for √ n is 1, and in general the period describes which convergents give solutions to Pell's ...

  4. Square root of 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_root_of_2

    Technically, it should be called the principal square root of 2, to distinguish it from the negative number with the same property. Geometrically, the square root of 2 is the length of a diagonal across a square with sides of one unit of length; this follows from the Pythagorean theorem. It was probably the first number known to be irrational. [1]

  5. Pell's equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pell's_equation

    Pell's equation, also called the Pell–Fermat equation, is any Diophantine equation of the form where n is a given positive nonsquare integer, and integer solutions are sought for x and y. In Cartesian coordinates, the equation is represented by a hyperbola; solutions occur wherever the curve passes through a point whose x and y coordinates ...

  6. Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solving_quadratic...

    Solving quadratic equations with continued fractions. In mathematics, a quadratic equation is a polynomial equation of the second degree. The general form is. where a ≠ 0. The quadratic equation on a number can be solved using the well-known quadratic formula, which can be derived by completing the square. That formula always gives the roots ...

  7. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    The continued fraction representation of a real number can be used instead of its decimal or binary expansion and this representation has the property that the square root of any rational number (which is not already a perfect square) has a periodic, repeating expansion, similar to how rational numbers have repeating expansions in the decimal ...

  8. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    The difference of two squares is used to find the linear factors of the sum of two squares, using complex number coefficients. For example, the complex roots of can be found using difference of two squares: (since ) Therefore, the linear factors are and . Since the two factors found by this method are complex conjugates, we can use this in ...

  9. Radical symbol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_symbol

    Radical symbol. In mathematics, the radical symbol, radical sign, root symbol, radix, or surd is a symbol for the square root or higher-order root of a number. The square root of a number x is written as. while the n th root of x is written as. It is also used for other meanings in more advanced mathematics, such as the radical of an ideal.

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