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The term special needs is a short form of special education needs [12] [13] and is a way to refer to students with disabilities, in which their learning may be altered or delayed compared to other students. [14]
Disability studies in education (DSE) is a field of academic study concerned with education research and practice related to disability. DSE scholars promote an understanding of disability from a social model of disability perspective to "challenge social, medical, and psychological models of disability as they relate to education". [ 1 ]
These conditions involve challenges with social skills, repetitive behaviors, speech and nonverbal communication. They also involve unique strengths and differences. Autism is a disability that impairs the social interactions and communication skills of a person. People who are autistic tend to think and act differently from others.
Mobility disabilities are not restricted to older and hospitalized individuals; such disabilities have been reported in young and non-hospitalized individuals as well due to decreased functional mobility. [5] The increase in the rate of disability causes loss of functional independence [6] and increases the risk of future chronic diseases. [7]
Children with disabilities have challenges in accessing play and social interactions. [27] Play is essential for the physical, emotional, and social well-being of all children. [ 28 ] The use of assistive technology has been recommended to facilitate the communication, mobility, and independence of children with disabilities. [ 29 ]
Learning disabilities fall into broad categories based on the four stages of information processing used in learning: input, integration, storage, and output. [59] Many learning disabilities are a compilation of a few types of abnormalities occurring at the same time, as well as with social difficulties and emotional or behavioral disorders. [60]
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Inclusion has different historical roots/background which may be integration of students with severe disabilities in the US (who may previously been excluded from schools or even lived in institutions) [7] [8] [9] or an inclusion model from Canada and the US (e.g., Syracuse University, New York) which is very popular with inclusion teachers who believe in participatory learning, cooperative ...