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The printing only references the gauge thickness of the pipe, which may affect application choice and address quality/durability concerns for the product selected. In the North American plumbing industry, the size of copper tubing is designated by its nominal diameter, which is 1 ⁄ 8 th inch less than the outside diameter. The inside diameter ...
Consequently, a 1-inch (25 mm) copper pipe had a 1 + 1 ⁄ 8-inch (28.58 mm) outside diameter. The outside diameter was the important dimension for mating with fittings. The wall thickness on modern copper is usually thinner than 1 ⁄ 16-inch (1.6 mm), so the internal diameter is only "nominal" rather than a controlling dimension. [13]
Copper tube used for propane, liquefied petroleum gas, or natural gas may use flared brass fittings of single 45°-flare type, according to NFPA 54/ANSI. Z223.1 National Fuel Gas Code. Many plumbing codes, towns, and water companies require copper tube used for water service to be type-L or type-K.
Visualise bending the left end of the pipe up 88 degrees. Now turn the piece of pipe around so the horizontal piece of pipe is in line with the zero degrees line on the protractor. The protractor will read 92 degrees. The key point is that the plumbing term focuses on the degree of bend from the original straight pipe, not the resulting angle.
Standardized earthen plumbing pipes with broad flanges making use of asphalt for preventing leakages appeared in the urban settlements of the Indus Valley civilization by 2700 BC. [11] Copper piping appeared in Egypt by 2400 BCE, with the Pyramid of Sahure and adjoining temple complex at Abusir, found to be connected by a copper waste pipe. [12]
The Birmingham gauge ranges from 5/0 or 00000, the lowest gauge number corresponding to the largest size of 0.500 inches (12.7 mm), to 36, the highest gauge number corresponding to the smallest size of 0.004 inches (0.10 mm). The increments between gauge sizes are not linear and vary. [2]
The corrosion rate of copper in most drinkable waters is less than 2.5 μm/year, at this rate a 15 mm tube with a wall thickness of 0.7 mm would last for about 280 years. In some soft waters the general corrosion rate may increase to 12.5 μm/year, but even at this rate it would take over 50 years to perforate the same tube.
The product of this effort, the first edition of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) was officially adopted by the Western Plumbing Officials Association in 1945, which later changed its name to IAPMO in 1966 when the scope of the association’s work increased. The code has been widely used over the past five decades by jurisdictions throughout ...
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