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DNF (abbreviation for Dandified YUM) [7] [8] [9] is a package manager for Red Hat-based Linux distributions and derivatives. DNF was introduced in Fedora 18 in 2013 as a replacement for yum; [10] it has been the default package manager since Fedora 22 in 2015 [11] and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 [when?] [12] and is also an alternative package manager for Mageia.
The 2.x versions of YUM feature an additional interface for programming extensions in Python that allows the behavior of YUM to be altered. Certain plug-ins are installed by default. [26] A commonly installed [27] package yum-utils, contains commands which use the YUM API, and many plugins.
File integrity monitoring (FIM) is an internal control or process that performs the act of validating the integrity of operating system and application software files using a verification method between the current file state and a known, good baseline.
Spec files end in the ".spec" suffix and contain the package name, version, RPM revision number, steps to build, install, and clean a package, and a changelog. Multiple packages can be built from a single RPM spec file, if desired. RPM packages are created from RPM spec files using the rpmbuild tool.
File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum.This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files.
Some of the metadata is maintained by the file system, for example last-modification date (and various other dates depending on the file system), location of the beginning of the file, the size of the file and if the file system backup utility has saved the current version of the files. These items cannot usually be altered by a user program.
Pip's command-line interface allows the install of Python software packages by issuing a command: pip install some-package-name. Users can also remove the package by issuing a command: pip uninstall some-package-name. pip has a feature to manage full lists of packages and corresponding version numbers, possible through a "requirements" file. [14]
Data is classified as either structured or unstructured. Structured data resides in fixed fields within a file such as a spreadsheet, while unstructured data refers to free-form text or media in text documents, PDF files and video. [12] An estimated 80% of all data is unstructured and 20% structured. [13]