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Risk of toxicity due to vitamin B 12 is low. [2] Vitamin B 12 deficiency in the US and the UK is estimated to occur in about 6 percent of those under the age of 60, and 20 percent of those over the age of 60. [4] In Latin America, about 40 percent are estimated to be affected, and this may be as high as 80 percent in parts of Africa and Asia. [1]
Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of clinically evident vitamin B 12 deficiency worldwide. [14] Pernicious anemia due to autoimmune problems occurs in about one per 1000 people in the US. Among those over the age of 60, about 2% have the condition. [8] It more commonly affects people of northern European descent. [2]
Pernicious anaemia is a lifelong condition that affects nearly 5 in 100,000 people in the UK.
People with vitamin B12 deficiency may act forgetful and confused, and struggle with concentrating and accomplishing tasks, Kaiser says. In more severe vitamin B12 deficiencies, a person may ...
Over time, a deficiency of B12 can cause problems with balance, confusion, depression, poor memory and possibly dementia, and it can even cause permanent damage to the nervous system, Somers says.
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for premature and term newborn and young infants. Untreated, consequences can cause brain damage or death. The prevalence of VKDB is reported at 0.25 to 1.7%, with higher risk in Asian populations.
Vitamin B 12 deficiency is a widespread condition that is particularly prevalent in populations with low or no consumption of animal foods. [9] Such diets can be due to a variety of reasons, such as low socioeconomic status or personal choice (i.e., veganism, vegetarianism).
Hydroxocobalamin is first line therapy for people with cyanide poisoning. [2] Hydroxocobalamin converts cyanide to the much less toxic cyanocobalamin. Cyanocobalamin is renally cleared. The use of hydroxocobalamin became first line due to its low adverse risk profile, rapid onset of action, and ease of use in the prehospital setting. [16]