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Falsification of legislative documents ₱1,200,000 Yes Falsification by public officer, employee or notary or ecclesiastic minister ₱1,000,000 Yes Falsification by private individual and use of falsified documents ₱1,000,000 Yes Falsification of wireless, cable, telegraph and telephone messages Creation of dispatch Yes Usage of dispatch Yes
The falsification of documents, known as forgery, and counterfeiting are types of fraud involved in physical duplication or fabrication. The "theft" of one's personal information or identity, like finding another's social security number and then using it as identification, is a type of fraud.
Knowledge falsification is the deliberate misrepresentation of what one knows under perceived social pressures. The term was coined by Timur Kuran in his book Private Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification .
Preference falsification is the act of misrepresenting a preference under perceived public pressure. It involves the selection of a publicly expressed preference that differs from the underlying privately held preference (or simply, a public preference at odds with one’s private preference).
Falsification may refer to: The act of disproving a proposition, hypothesis, or theory: see Falsifiability; Mathematical proof; Falsified evidence; Falsification of history, distortion of the historical record also known as Historical revisionism; Forgery, the act of producing something that lacks authenticity with the intent to commit fraud or ...
Actual physical restraint is not necessary for false imprisonment to occur. A false imprisonment claim may be made based upon private acts, or upon wrongful governmental detention. For detention by the police, proof of false imprisonment provides a basis to obtain a writ of habeas corpus. [2]
A citizen's arrest is an arrest made by a private citizen – a person who is not acting as a sworn law-enforcement official. [1] In common law jurisdictions, the practice dates back to medieval England and the English common law, in which sheriffs encouraged ordinary citizens to help apprehend law breakers.
Even in places where the more general meaning is common, such as North America or Australia, there are many individuals who have specialized training only in relatively limited areas. As the terminology varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, it is important to clarify the meaning of the title used by any individual professing to be a ...