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The Cromwell tank, officially Tank, Cruiser, Mk VIII, Cromwell (A27M), was one of the series of cruiser tanks fielded by Britain in the Second World War. [ b ] Named after the English Civil War –era military leader Oliver Cromwell , the Cromwell was the first tank put into service by the British to combine high speed from a powerful, reliable ...
Tank, Cruiser, Mk.VIII, Cromwell (A27M) – First saw combat in 1944, and only used in North West Europe. The 7th Armoured Division was the only formation completely equipped with the Cromwell as its main tank. In the remaining British armoured divisions in France, it was used to only equip the armoured reconnaissance regiment.
Rolls-Royce proposed an up-armoured A27M (Cromwell): A31 was a Cromwell with more armour and A32 was a more thorough redesign of the A27 with stronger suspension and armour equivalent to the Churchill.
The A24 Cavalier and A27L Centaur used the Nuffield Liberty engine while the A27M Cromwell used the more powerful Rolls-Royce Meteor. When US tanks entered British use, the Cromwell and Centaur design requirement was changed to move from the 6-pounder to 75mm for commonality of ammunition. This reduced the armour penetration.
The bright spots of British tank design included the Valentine, Churchill (A22), Cromwell (A27M), and Comet I (A34), which together made up a little over half of total British tank production during WWII. The Valentine was a reliable, heavily armoured infantry-support tank used successfully in the desert and by the Red Army as a light tank.
Mk VIII, Cromwell (A27M) Challenger (A30) Comet (A34) Infantry tanks. The infantry tank was a concept developed by Britain in the years leading up to the war.
A27M Cromwell tank cruiser (Royal Tank Regiment, 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars) A34 Comet tank cruiser; A41 Centurion Mark III tank cruiser (5th Royal Tank Regiment, 5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards, 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars) M4A3 Sherman (Lord Strathcona's Horse (Royal Canadians) (2nd Armoured Regiment))
A27M Tank, Cruiser, Mk VIII, Cromwell: A28 cancelled, was to be an Infantry tank variant of Cromwell* A29 cancelled, was to be a 17-pdr armed assault tank named Clan* A30 Tank, Cruiser, Mk.VIII, Challenger, 17-pdr armed SP 17pdr, A30 (Avenger) A31 cancelled, was to be a Cromwell with heavier armour* proposed by Rolls Royce A32