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The isolation of two populations of a species due to a change in breeding periods. This isolation acts as a precursor to allochronic speciation, a type of speciation which results when two populations of a species become isolated due to differences in reproductive timing. An example is the periodical 13- and 17-year Magicicada species. [3]
The biologist Thierry Lodé proposed (2001, 2012) five modes of reproduction based on the relationship between the zygote (fertilised egg) and the parents: [1] [2]. Ovuliparity: fertilisation is external, the oocytes being released into the environment and fertilised outside the body by the male. [1]
Human reproductive biology is primarily controlled through hormones, which send signals to the human reproductive structures to influence growth and maturation.These hormones are secreted by endocrine glands, and spread to different tissues in the human body.
[37] [page needed] The two-fold reproductive disadvantage assumes that males contribute only genes to their offspring and sexual females spend half their reproductive potential on sons. [ 36 ] [ page needed ] Thus, in this formulation, the principal cost of sex is that males and females must successfully copulate , which almost always involves ...
The small plant in front is about 1 cm (0.4 in) tall. The concept of "individual" is obviously stretched by this asexual reproductive process. Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents.
A recently observed example has as protagonists M. xanthus (predator) and E. coli (prey) in which a parallel evolution of both species can be observed through genomic and phenotypic modifications, producing in future generations a better adaptation of one of the species that is counteracted by the evolution of the other, thus generating an arms ...
Bateman's principle, in evolutionary biology, is that in most species, variability in reproductive success (or reproductive variance) is greater in males than in females. It was first proposed by Angus John Bateman (1919–1996), an English geneticist. Bateman suggested that, since males are capable of producing millions of sperm cells with ...
Femininity in the female face and voice provide cues to female reproductive hormones and reproductive potential. [105] Males tend to have lower pitched voices than females, likely due to male intrasexual competition, [ 106 ] but some evidence suggests that high female voice pitch may also be favored by male mate choice and function in ...