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Old Persian is one of two directly attested Old Iranian languages (the other being Avestan) and is the ancestor of Middle Persian (the language of the Sasanian Empire). Like other Old Iranian languages, it was known to its native speakers as ariya (Iranian). [1][2] Old Persian is close to both Avestan and the language of the Rig Veda, the ...
Barkerville Jail Text, written in pencil on a board in the then recently created Carrier syllabics. Although the first known text by native speakers dates to 1885, the first record of the language is a list of words recorded in 1793 by Alexander MacKenzie. c.1885. Motu.
Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision.The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely ...
Cuneiform is the earliest known writing system[6][7]and was originally developed to write the Sumerian languageof southern Mesopotamia(modern Iraq). Over the course of its history, cuneiform was adapted to write a number of languages in addition to Sumerian.
The two directly-attested Old Iranian languages are Old Persian (from the Achaemenid Empire) and Old Avestan (the language of the Avesta). Of the Middle Iranian languages, the better understood and recorded ones are Middle Persian (from the Sasanian Empire), Parthian (from the Parthian Empire), and Bactrian (from the Kushan and Hephthalite ...
The evolution of languages or history of language includes the evolution, divergence and development of languages throughout time, as reconstructed based on glottochronology, comparative linguistics, written records and other historical linguistics techniques. The origin of language is a hotly contested topic, with some languages tentatively ...
The Persian language is known to have one of the world's oldest and most influential literatures. [19] Old Persian written works are attested on several inscriptions from between the 6th and the 4th centuries BC, and Middle Persian literature is attested on inscriptions from the Parthian and Sasanian eras and in Zoroastrian and Manichaean ...
The name () is a Greek rendering of the Avestan name . He is known as and in Persian and in Gujarati. 14 The Zoroastrian name of the religion is , which combines with the Avestan word yasna, meaning "worship, devotion". 15 In English, an adherent of the faith is commonly called a Zoroastrian or a Zarathustrian.