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Mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with the ability to fuse and divide (fission), forming constantly changing tubular networks in most eukaryotic cells. These mitochondrial dynamics, first observed over a hundred years ago [1] are important for the health of the cell, and defects in dynamics lead to genetic disorders.
View/Edit Mouse. Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OPA1 gene. [5][6] This protein regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae structure in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) and contributes to ATP synthesis and apoptosis, [7][8][9] and small, round mitochondria. [10]
Mitochondrial fission is the process by which mitochondria divide or segregate into two separate organelles. Mitochondrial fission is counteracted by mitochondrial fusion, where two mitochondria fuse together to form a larger structure. [1] Fusion can result in elongated mitochondrial networks.
In mammals MFN1 and MFN2 are essential for mitochondrial fusion. [7] In addition to the mitofusins, OPA1 regulates inner mitochondrial membrane fusion, and DRP1 is responsible for mitochondrial fission. [8] Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell
On the other hand, the process of fusion is directed by different membrane-anchored dynamin proteins at different levels of the mitochondria. [13] Fusion at the level of the outer mitochondrial membrane is mediated by Mfn1 and Mfn2 (Mitofusins 1 and 2), [15] and fusion at the level of the inner mitochondrial membrane is mediated by Opa1.
Mitochondrial fission factor. Mitochondrial fission factor (Mff) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MFF gene. [5] Its primary role is in controlling the division of mitochondria. Mitochondrial morphology changes by continuous fission in order to create interconnected network of mitochondria. This activity is crucial for normal ...
The mycotoxin phomoxanthone A, or PXA for short, is a toxic natural product that affects the mitochondria. It is the most toxic and the best studied of the naturally occurring phomoxanthones. PXA has recently been shown to induce rapid, non-canonical mitochondrial fission by causing the mitochondrial matrix to fragment while the outer ...
Mitochondria is a dynamic structure regulating its morphology by context-dependent constant fission and fusion. Fission is crucial for mitophagy, as it cuts off a small mitochondrial part that can be further engulfed by the autophagosome. [31] The viruses Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) take advantage of this mechanism by inducing ...