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Antiochus IV Epiphanes [note 1] (c. 215 BC–November/December 164 BC) [1] was king of the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. Notable events during Antiochus' reign include his near-conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt , his persecution of the Jews of Judea and Samaria , and the rebellion of the Jewish Maccabees .
The incident at Antioch was an Apostolic Age dispute between the apostles Paul and Peter which occurred in the city of Antioch around the middle of the first century. [1] The primary source for the incident is Paul's Epistle to the Galatians 2:11–14. [1]
After Epiphanes married Capitolina, they settled and lived in the court of Antiochus IV. In 65 Capitolina bore Epiphanes their first son and child, Gaius Julius Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos in Samosata. In 70 Epiphanes was sent by his father with troops to command and assist the prince Titus to end the siege in Jerusalem.
Antonio Ciseri's Martyrdom of the Seven Maccabees (1863), depicting the woman with her dead sons.. The woman with seven sons was a Jewish martyr described in 2 Maccabees 7.She and her seven sons were arrested during the persecution of Judaism initiated by King Antiochus IV Epiphanes.
Antiochus interprets Jason's attack as a rebellion and sends an army that retakes Jerusalem and drives Jason's followers away. [18] 167 BCE, autumn – Antiochus IV Epiphanes outlaws Judaism in Judea and allows pagan worship at the Jerusalem temple. [19] 165 BCE, spring – Antiochus campaigns against the Parthians. [20] 164 BCE:
Daniel predicts the king will go insane; Antiochus's title, "Epiphanes" ("Chosen of God"), was mocked by his enemies as "Epimanes" ("Madman"), and he was known to keep odd habits. When Daniel and the Jews are threatened with death, they face it calmly, and are saved in the end, a relevant message among Jewish opposition to Antiochus IV.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes dies in Persia, either in Isfahan or in Elymais. When news reaches Antioch, he is succeeded by his young son Antiochus V Eupator. [44] January 14, 163 BCE (25 Kislev 148 SE) Purification of the Second Temple after the rebels take Jerusalem; the Abomination of Desolation is removed.
Antiochus IV Epiphanes – Altes Museum, Berlin. The Book of Daniel is an apocalypse , a literary genre in which a heavenly reality is revealed to a human recipient; such works are characterized by visions, symbolism, an other-worldly mediator, an emphasis on cosmic events, angels and demons, and pseudonymity (false authorship). [ 12 ]