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2. Mantle convection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_convection

   On Earth, the Rayleigh number for convection within Earth's mantle is estimated to be of order 10 7, which indicates vigorous convection. This value corresponds to whole mantle convection (i.e. convection extending from the Earth's surface to the border with the core). On a global scale, surface expression of this convection is the tectonic ...

3. Earth's mantle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_mantle

   The temperature of the mantle increases rapidly in the thermal boundary layers at the top and bottom of the mantle, and increases gradually through the interior of the mantle. [22] Although the higher temperatures far exceed the melting points of the mantle rocks at the surface (about 1,500 K (1,200 °C; 2,200 °F) for representative peridotite ...

4. Earth's internal heat budget - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth's_internal_heat_budget

   Earth heat transport occurs by conduction, mantle convection, hydrothermal convection, and volcanic advection. [15] Earth's internal heat flow to the surface is thought to be 80% due to mantle convection, with the remaining heat mostly originating in the Earth's crust, [16] with about 1% due to volcanic activity, earthquakes, and mountain ...

5. Slab suction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slab_suction

   Slab suction occurs when a subducting slab drives flow in the lower mantle by exerting additional force down in the direction of the mantle's convection currents. This flow then exerts shear tractions on the base of nearby plates. This driving force is important when the slabs (or portions thereof) are not strongly attached to the rest of their ...

6. Internal structure of Earth - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_Earth

   Earth's crust and mantle, Mohorovičić discontinuity between bottom of crust and solid uppermost mantle. Earth's mantle extends to a depth of 2,890 km (1,800 mi), making it the planet's thickest layer. [20] [This is 45% of the 6,371 km (3,959 mi) radius, and 83.7% of the volume - 0.6% of the volume is the crust].

7. Lithosphere - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithosphere

   The tectonic plates of the lithosphere on Earth Earth cutaway from center to surface, the lithosphere comprising the crust and lithospheric mantle (detail not to scale). A lithosphere (from Ancient Greek λίθος (líthos) 'rocky' and σφαίρα (sphaíra) 'sphere') is the rigid, [1] outermost rocky shell of a terrestrial planet or natural satellite.

8. Mantle (geology) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantle_(geology)

   The silicate mantle of the Earth's moon is approximately 1300–1400 km thick, and is the source of mare basalts. [4] The lunar mantle might be exposed in the South Pole-Aitken basin or the Crisium basin. [4] The lunar mantle contains a seismic discontinuity at ~500 kilometers (310 miles) depth, most likely related to a change in composition. [4]

9. Subcontinental lithospheric mantle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcontinental...

   It is expected then that the modern subcontinental mantle is a former, melt-depleted mantle wedge. If the connection between continental crust and the subcontinental lithospheric mantle does not exist, and rather a different Earth process formed both reservoirs, then it further complicates the mechanisms for how the Archean subcontinental ...