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Olivier Pétré-Grenouilleau has put forward a figure of 17 million African people enslaved (in the same period and from the same area) on the basis of Ralph Austen's work. [325] [page needed] Ronald Segal estimates between 11.5 and 14 million were enslaved by the Arab slave trade.
It was also common for European people to be enslaved and traded in the Muslim world; European women, in particular, were highly sought-after to be concubines in the harems of many Muslim rulers. Examples of such slavery conducted in Islamic empires include the Arab slave trade , the Barbary slave trade , the Ottoman slave trade , and the Black ...
[citation needed] By 1860, Florida had 140,424 people, of whom 44% were enslaved, and fewer than 1,000 free people of color. [31] Their labor accounted for 85% of the state's cotton production. The 1860 Census also indicated that in Leon County , which was the center both of the Florida slave trade and of their plantation industry (see ...
Europeans enslaved Muslims and people practicing other religions as a justification to Christianize them. In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued papal bull Dum Diversas which gave the King of Portugal the right to enslave non-Christians to perpetual slavery. The clause included Muslims in West Africa and legitimized the slave trade under the Catholic ...
European involvement in the East African trade of enslaved people began when Portugal established Estado da Índia in the early 16th century. From then until the 1830s, c. 200 enslaved people were exported from Portuguese Mozambique annually and similar figures has been estimated for enslaved people brought from Asia to the Philippines during ...
Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800 is a 2003 book by Robert C. Davis, published by Palgrave Macmillan. The book concerns the Barbary slave trade. According to Davis, the number of Europeans taken in by Barbary slavers exceeded 1,000,000 and was up to 1,250,000, higher ...
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At the formation of Al-Andalus, Muslims were prohibited from enslaving other Muslims, but non-Muslim Spanish and Eastern European slaves were traded by Muslims and local Jewish merchants. Mozarabs and Jews were allowed to remain and retain their slaves if they paid a head tax for themselves and half-value for the slaves, but non-Muslims were ...