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During this period (usually days to weeks post-exposure) fifty to ninety percent of infected individuals develop an influenza or mononucleosis-like illness called acute HIV infection (or HIV prodrome), [2] [3] the most common symptoms of which may include fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, rash, myalgia, malaise, mouth and esophageal sores ...
HIV/AIDS has become a chronic rather than an acutely fatal disease in many areas of the world. [203] Prognosis varies between people, and both the CD4 count and viral load are useful for predicted outcomes. [32] Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV subtype. [6]
After the latency period (but before clinical infection) the infected person can transmit the disease without signs of any symptoms. Such infection is called subclinical infection. Incubation period (also known as the latent period or latency period ) is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation , and ...
After the virus enters the body there is a period of rapid viral replication, leading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood. During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. [2] This response is accompanied by a marked drop in the numbers of circulating CD4 + T cells.
The eclipse period is a variable period starting from HIV exposure in which no existing test can detect HIV. The median duration of the eclipse period in one study was 11.5 days. The window period is the time between HIV exposure and when an antibody or antigen test can detect HIV. The median window period for antibody/antigen testing is 18 days.
AIDS-related lymphoma describes lymphomas occurring in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (). [1] [2]A lymphoma is a type of cancer arising from lymphoid cells.In AIDS, the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, primary cerebral lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease are all increased.
A new study found that in about 10% cases of multiple sclerosis, the body begins producing a distinctive set of antibodies against its own proteins years before symptoms emerge.
Likewise, if an individual suspects exposure for HIV, a lack of symptoms does not indicate that seroconversion has not occurred. 20–30% of people undergoing HIV seroconversion lack symptoms entirely or have mild symptoms. [25] The immune system mounts an acute effort to resolve the HIV infection during the seroconversion period.