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The mechanical systems of submarine periscopes typically use hydraulics and need to be quite sturdy to withstand the drag through water. The periscope chassis may also support a radio or radar antenna. Submarines traditionally had two periscopes; a navigation or observation periscope and a targeting, or commander's, periscope.
Submarine: A Guided Tour Inside a Nuclear Warship (Revised ed.). Berkley Books. ISBN 978-0-425-18300-7. Craven, John Piña (2001). The Silent War: The Cold War Battle Beneath the Sea. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-87213-1. DiMercurio, Michael; Michael Benson (23 December 2002). Complete Idiot's Guide to Submarines ...
A photonics mast aboard a Virginia-class submarine. A photonics mast (or optronics mast [1]) is a sensor on a submarine which functions similarly to a periscope without requiring a periscope tube, thus freeing design space during construction and limiting risks of water leakage in the event of damage.
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Communication with submarines is a field within military communications that presents technical challenges and requires specialized technology. Because radio waves do not travel well through good electrical conductors like salt water, submerged submarines are cut off from radio communication with their command authorities at ordinary radio frequencies.
The current photonics masts have a visual appearance so different from ordinary periscopes that when the submarine is detected, it can be distinctly identified as a Virginia-class vessel. As a result, current photonic masts will be replaced with Low-Profile Photonics Masts (LPPM) which resemble traditional submarine periscopes more closely. [52]
Replacing some of the Challenger-class submarine, upgraded in 2016 till 2019, which includes optronic periscopes, combat management systems, sonars, countermeasure systems, digital data-links and attack capabilities which also allows the firing of new torpedoes and anti-ship missiles. [7]
7 officers; 44 enlisted; Sensors and processing systems: 1 x radar SMA SPS-704; 1 x sonar Elsag-USEA IPD70/S; Submarine Action Information System SMA/Datamat MM/SBN-716 SACTIS; periscopes Barr & Stroud CK31 Search and CH81 Attack Periscopes; communication system by ELMER; Electronic warfare & decoys: ESM systems Elettronica Spa, Thetis ELT/124 ...