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The reliability scores of the scales in terms of Cronbach's alpha scores rate the Depression scale at 0.91, the Anxiety scale at 0.84, and the Stress scale at 0.90 in the normative sample. The means and standard deviations for each scale are 6.34 and 6.97 for depression, 4.7 and 4.91 for anxiety, and 10.11 and 7.91 for stress, respectively.
The Differential Ability Scales (DAS) is a nationally normed (in the US), and individually administered battery of cognitive and achievement tests. Into its second edition (DAS-II), the test can be administered to children ages 2 years 6 months to 17 years 11 months across a range of developmental levels.
CAS development began with an attempt to offer an alternative to the IQ test (Das, Kirby & Jarman, 1975, [1] 1979 [2]).Developed and published in 1997 by J.P. Das, PhD of the University of Alberta and Jack Naglieri, PhD, then at Ohio State University, the CAS has its theoretical bases both in the neuropsychology of Luria as well as in cognitive psychology.
Scoring is dependent on an individual's education level, with higher scores expected for individuals who have received a high school education. [3] For individuals with a high school education: A score of 27–30 would be expected for someone with normal cognition; A score of 21–26 would be expected for someone with mild neurocognitive disorder
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
Each item yields a score of 0 to 6; the overall score thus ranges from 0 to 60. [4] Higher MADRS score indicates more severe depression. Usual cutoff points are: 0 to 6: normal [5] /symptom absent [4] 7 to 19: mild depression [4] [5] 20 to 34: moderate depression [5] 35 to 60: severe depression. [5]
The BAI contains 21 questions, each answer being scored on a scale value of 0 ("Not at all") to 3 ("Severely--I could barely stand it"). [7] Higher total scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms. The standardized cutoffs are: 0–7: Minimal; 8-15: Mild; 16-25: Moderate; 26-63: Severe
The assessment is indicated by the total score, which is made up by adding together the scores for the scale of all seven items with responses getting 0 to 3 points: Not at all (0 points) Several days (1 point) More than half the days (2 points) Nearly every day (3 points) [5]