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The hydrogen spectral series can be expressed simply in terms of the Rydberg constant for hydrogen and the Rydberg formula. In atomic physics , Rydberg unit of energy , symbol Ry, corresponds to the energy of the photon whose wavenumber is the Rydberg constant, i.e. the ionization energy of the hydrogen atom in a simplified Bohr model.
For example, the atomic mass constant is exactly known when expressed using the dalton (its value is exactly 1 Da), but the kilogram is not exactly known when using these units, the opposite of when expressing the same quantities using the kilogram.
inverse fine-structure constant: α −1 = 137.035 999 177 (21) u r (α −1) = 1.6 × 10 −10 [20] eps0: vacuum electric permittivity: ε 0 = 8.854 187 8188 (14) × 10 −12 F⋅m −1: u r (ε 0) = 1.6 × 10 −10 [21] sin2thW: sine-square weak mixing angle: sin 2 θ W = 0.223 05 (23) u r (sin 2 θ W) = 1.0 × 10 −3 [22] mu0 ...
Johannes (Janne) Robert Rydberg (Swedish: [ˈrŷːdbærj]; 8 November 1854 – 28 December 1919) was a Swedish physicist mainly known for devising the Rydberg formula, in 1888, which is used to describe the wavelengths of photons (of visible light and other electromagnetic radiation) emitted by changes in the energy level of an electron in a hydrogen atom.
The measurement of the splitting between the 2 3 S 1 and the 1 3 S 1 energy levels of positronium yields α −1 = 137.034(16). Measurements of α can also be extracted from the positronium decay rate. Positronium decays through the annihilation of the electron and the positron into two or more gamma-ray photons.
The Rydberg constant describes the energy levels in a hydrogen atom with the nonrelativistic approximation . The only viable way to fix the Rydberg constant involves trapping and cooling hydrogen. Unfortunately, this is difficult because it is very light and the atoms move very fast, causing Doppler shifts.
Measuring the Rydberg constant confirms the proportions of the values of the other five constants. Melchoir 16:39, 16 January 2006 (UTC) I think user 163.1.146.226 may not have understood that in high-precision measurement of fundamental constants, one normally determines combinations of constants from a single experiment.
Figure 1: Electron orbital of a Rydberg atom with n=12. Colors show the quantum phase of the highly excited electron. Colors show the quantum phase of the highly excited electron. Figure 2: Energy levels in atomic lithium showing the Rydberg series of the lowest 3 values of orbital angular momentum converging on the first ionization energy.