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A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance [1]), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.
Polygenic inheritance can be explained as Mendelian inheritance at many loci, [9] resulting in a trait which is normally-distributed. If n is the number of involved loci, then the coefficients of the binomial expansion of ( a + b ) 2n will give the frequency of distribution of all n allele combinations .
When Mendel's work on inheritance was rediscovered in 1900, scientists debated whether Mendel's laws could account for the continuous variation observed for many traits. [citation needed] One group known as the biometricians argued that continuous traits such as height were largely heritable, but could not be explained by the inheritance of single Mendelian genetic factors.
The infinitesimal model, also known as the polygenic model, is a widely used statistical model in quantitative genetics and in genome-wide association studies.Originally developed in 1918 by Ronald Fisher, it is based on the idea that variation in a quantitative trait is influenced by an infinitely large number of genes, each of which makes an infinitely small (infinitesimal) contribution to ...
A polygenic trait is one whose phenotype is dependent on the additive effects of multiple genes. The contributions of each of these genes are typically small and add up to a final phenotype with a large amount of variation.
Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – ὀligos = few, a little) describes a trait that is influenced by a few genes. Oligogenic inheritance represents an intermediate between monogenic inheritance in which a trait is determined by a single causative gene, and polygenic inheritance, in which a trait is influenced by many genes and often environmental factors.
Polygenic sex determination is when the sex is primarily determined by genes that occur on multiple non-homologous chromosomes. The environment may have a limited, minor influence on sex determination. Examples include African cichlid fish (Metriaclima spp.), lemmings (Myopus schisticolor), green swordtail, [16] medaka, [16] etc. In such ...
New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0465097760. Miller, Geoffrey F. (2000). The Mating Mind: How Sexual Choice Shaped the Evolution of Human Nature (1st ed.). New York: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0385495165. Ruzicka F, Holman L, Connallon T. (2022). "Polygenic signals of sex differences in selection in humans from the UK Biobank."